CO2用于气动弹射的可行性分析

针对传统气动弹射介质空气做功能力不足的问题,提出采用CO_2作为新型气动弹射介质。基于质量守恒和能量守恒定律建立了以CO_2为弹射介质的弹射热力模型,并使用该模型对比分析了CO_2和空气作为弹射介质对于弹射性能的影响。得到了弹射过程中高低压室内介质状态以及飞行器运动参数的动态变化过程。与空气相比,CO_2具有更大的做功能力。相同的热力状态下弹射相同质量的飞行器,使用CO_2可获得更大的出筒速度。CO_2作为弹射工质对于大质量的飞行器优势明显,在不减小出筒速度的情况下,使用CO_2可使负载质量提升50%以上,验证了CO_2作为弹射工质的可行性。     

Microstructure,thermophysical property and ablation behavior of high thermal conductivity carbon/carbon composites after heat-treatment

Uni-directional carbon/carbon composites with high thermal conductivity are suitable to supply continuous thermal protection for future reentry vehicles since they could reduce surface temperature and ablation rates simultaneously in harsh environments. In this work, the high thermal conductivity carbon/carbon composites were prepared by chemical vapor infiltration. After heat-treatment, both their open porosity and internal friction increase due to the fiber/matrix thermal expansion mismatch; while their thermal conductive performance become better due to more complete carbon structure. With raising heat-treatment temperature from 1800 °C to 2450 °C, the mass and linear ablation rates of C/C composites with fibers vertical to the oxyacetylene torch for 60 s decrease from 0.66 mg/s and 2.95 μm/s to 0.51 mg/s and 2.05 μm/s respectively. The improved ablation resistance is resulted from the increased thermal conductivity from 282 to 508 W/(m·K) and more carbon fibers exposed to the flame during ablation, which have better oxidation resistance than those of carbon matrix. While such ablation rates become larger for composites with fibers parallel to the flame, from 1.02 mg/s and 3.73 μm/s to 1.28 mg/s and 5.01 μm/s respectively since the ablation occurred more easily through gaps at the fiber/matrix interfaces, which become larger and are always exposed to the flame for this case.     

基于分形理论和节点分离有限元的泡沫铝防护结构数值仿真研究(英文)

利用数字图像处理技术对泡沫铝截面的分形特征进行了分析,使用对数线性回归方法计算了泡沫铝的分形维数。Serpinski垫片可以被用于泡沫铝截面建模。通过调整迭代次数和分割参数可以获得不同分形维数、不同相对密度的泡沫铝模型。使用节点分离的Lagrange有限元方法对超高速碰撞过程进行了分析,通过将数值仿真结果与实验结果对比表明了建模方法以及仿真方法的有效性。通过数值仿真,获得了等面密度的铝防护板以及泡沫铝防护板的弹道极限曲线。对比表明,泡沫铝板的防护性能明显优于铝板。泡沫铝材料适合应用于航天器防护。     

“三明治”型预制体结构对C/C刹车材料CVI工艺的影响

本试验设计了一种三明治型的C/C刹车材料的预制体结构,并研究了这种三明治预制体结构对C/C刹车材料CVI工艺的影响。结果表明,相对一般针刺毡结构,采用三明治预制体结构制备C/C复合材料时,增密速率快,可有效消除CVI瓶颈效应,密度分布更加均匀;且可一次性致密,无需中间热处理等加工步骤,有效缩短了生产周期,降低了生产成本。     

基于碳纳米纸的CFRP制孔质量控制

进行了钻削预埋碳纳米纸薄膜传感器碳纤维复合材料的试验,钻削结果采用超声波扫描显微镜进行检测.试验结果表明:层间预埋碳纳米纸,可以实时监测钻头位置,根据钻头位置改变进给率,实现对制孔质量的精确控制.采用ABAQUS对试验方案进行模拟仿真,模拟的结果与试验结果很好地吻合,证明了该方法的有效性.     

旋转超声钻削碳纤维复合材料钻削力和扭矩的研究

针对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)加工过程中的问题,对金刚石套料钻旋转超声钻削CFRP-T700型复合材料展开了研究。研究发现,钻削力随主轴转速的增加具有减小的趋势,而扭矩则随着主轴转速的增加,呈现增大的趋势;与传统加工相比,旋转超声振动钻削可降低切削力及扭矩达56.6%和39.1%,有效抑制加工缺陷的产生。初步建立了切削力和扭矩之间的数学模型,并通过试验对切削力和扭矩之间的比例常数k加以验证。研究结果表明,旋转超声钻削CFRP在降低切削力和扭矩方面有较大优势。     

Static strength analysis of dragonfly inspired wings for biomimetic micro aerial vehicles

This article examines the suitability of fabricating artificial, dragonfly-like, wing frames from materials that are commonly used in unmanned aircraft(balsa wood, black graphite carbon fiber and red prepreg fiberglass). Wing frames made with Type 321 stainless steel are also examined for comparison. The purpose of these wings is for future use in biomimetic micro aerial vehicles(BMAV). BMAV are a new class of unmanned micro-sized aerial vehicles that mimic flying biological organisms(like flying insects). Insects, such as dragonflies, possess corrugated and complex vein structures that are difficult to mimic. Simplified dragonfly-like wing frames were fabricated from these materials and then a nano-composite film was adhered to them, which mimics the membrane of an actual dragonfly. Finite element analysis simulations were also performed and compared to experimental results. The results showed good agreement(less than 10% difference for all cases).Analysis of these results shows that stainless steel is a poor choice for this wing configuration, primarily because of the aggressive oxidation observed. Steel, as well as balsa wood, also lacks flexibility. In comparison, black graphite carbon fiber and red prepreg fiberglass offer some structural advantages, making them more suitable for consideration in future BMAV applications.     

泡沫铝隔冲器设计及其对卫星可展开附件收拢状态力学特性的影响

文章针对泡沫铝隔冲器可能降低卫星可展开附件收拢状态的模态频率及放大振动响应等问题,首次提出一种基于表层填充J-133常温胶的开孔泡沫铝块的扁平式隔冲器,以某可展开数传天线为例开展泡沫铝隔冲器设计与分析,并进行了模态试验和振动试验验证。试验结果表明:所设计的泡沫铝隔冲器使可展开附件收拢状态前三阶模态频率降低不到2.5 Hz,而振动响应平均降低约30%。     

泡沫钢的制备及三点弯曲性能

为了制备孔隙率较高、孔结构均匀、性能优良的泡沫钢板及夹芯复合板,以316L不锈钢粉为原料,Ca Cl2为造孔剂,采用粉末冶金烧结-溶解法制备不同孔隙率、孔径的泡沫钢,并用物理粘接法制备泡沫钢夹芯复合板。通过对泡沫钢板和夹芯复合板进行三点弯曲实验研究两者的抗弯曲性能。观察泡沫钢板的三点弯曲变形过程,分析孔隙率和孔径对泡沫钢板和夹芯复合板抗弯曲性能的影响,对比两者的极限抗弯载荷变化。结果表明:泡沫钢板的变形首先从薄壁不规则的孔壁开始,形成裂纹并进行扩展,最终导致宏观断裂;对于泡沫钢夹芯复合板,当孔隙率从69.4%增加至82.5%时,其所能承受的极限载荷从2345 N下降至1254 N,在相同孔隙率下,相比于泡沫钢板,夹芯板承受的极限弯曲载荷提升了15%~43%;当孔径从1.9 mm增加至3.9 mm,孔隙率约为73%时,其所能承受的极限弯曲载荷从2070 N下降至1528 N,与泡沫钢板相比,相同孔径下,夹芯板承受的极限弯曲载荷提升了15%~28%;在孔隙率和孔径相同条件下,泡沫钢夹芯复合板的抗弯承载能力比泡沫钢板提高15%以上。     

碳纤维缝编工艺差异性分析与评估技术

织物用国产碳纤维的性能评价及改进、碳纤维缝编工艺技术的研究等均需要一些必要的分析评 估手段。上机织造比较分析表明,碳纤维本身的特性、导纱机件材料与结构形式、送纱方式等工艺设备和技术 路线对碳纤维缝编工艺性能影响较大,国产HF10-12K 碳纤维的缝编工艺效率和质量明显低于T700-12K 碳 纤维的;采用旋转轮导纱结构和主动送纱方式等,可有效提高国产碳纤维在碳纤维缝编织物制备工艺质量和工 艺效率。结果表明,碳纤维毛羽是影响碳纤维缝编织造工艺质量和效率的关键因素,参数“ 纱线毛羽指数”、 “织物拉伸强力/ 原纱强度(比值)”和“织物增强树脂基复合材料拉伸强度/ 原纱强度(比值)”可用来定量比较 分析和评估各碳纤维纱线的缝编织造工艺差异性。